Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Infectious Diseases

If any organism produces immune response against its own healthy cells and tissue systems, then the phenomenon is known as Autoimmunity and the disease from such an aberrant immune response that results is termed an "autoimmune disease". Immunodeficiency and Autoimmunity: Clinical and laboratory characteristics of autoimmunity are presented in large numbers by immunodeficiency syndromes. Autoimmunity through perpetual immune system activation may be caused to clear infections in these patients by the decreased ability of the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and inflammatory bowel are the multiple autoimmune diseases seen from common variable immunodeficiency. Diagnosis: It can be diagnosed on an accurate history and physical examination of the patient and even on certain abnormalities in routine laboratory tests. In many of the systemic disorders, specific autoantibodies can be detected from serological assays, whereas

Study of biology of viruses, and viral diseases, genetic material parasitic particles, virus agents and submicroscopic including the distribution, evolution and clinical aspects of viruses is called Virology which is considered to be a subfield of microbiology. Virology is a major branch that deals with virus classifications and causes which ranges in size for about 30 nm to about 450 nm, through which most of the virus cannot be seen with light microscopes . The virus with the name Bacteriophages, which infect bacteria, can be relatively easily grown as viral plaques on bacterial cultures. In the process known as transduction these Bacteriophages move genetic material from one bacterial cell to another and this horizontal gene transfer is one reason why they play as a major research tool in the early development of molecular biology with the infectious diseases. The function of ribozymes, the genetic code, the first recombinant DNA and early genetic libraries were all arrived at